Perspectives of the community in the developing countries toward telemedicine and pharmaceutical care during the COVID-19 pandemic
Main Article Content
Keywords
Telemedicine, Pharmaceutical Care, Developing countries, COVID-19
Abstract
Background: Pharmaceutical care (PC) services have expanded in recent years, resulting in improved patient outcomes. However, such PC services are currently available for free in the majority of Arabic countries. During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, telemedicine is especially beneficial since it allows for continuity of care while allowing for social distancing and minimizing the risk of infection. Objective: To assess the community’s attitude, opinion, and willingness to pay for telemedicine and PC services during COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to create a website provision for telemedicine and PC services. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted, over five months (December 2020– April 2021), among the general population in Arabic countries, excluding pharmacists, physicians, and pharmacy students. Results: A total of 1717 participants were involved, most of them were from Jordan (52.2%) and Iraq (24.8%). Sixty two percent of participants seek pharmacists’ advice whenever they have any medication changes and 45.1% of the participants agreed with the idea of paying pharmacists to decrease medication errors. Interestingly, 89.5% of participants encouraged the idea of creating a website that provides a PC, and 35.5% of them would pay for it. The failure to document the medical information of the patients had most applicants’ agreement as a reason of medical errors (M=4.17/5, SD=0.787). More than three-quarters of participants agreed that creating a database containing the patients’ medical information will reduce medical errors. Conclusion: From a patients’ perspective, this study suggests a large patient need for expanding PC services in Arabic countries and introduces a direct estimate of the monetary value for the PC services to contribute to higher savings. The majority of participants supported the idea of creating a website provision of telemedicine and PC services, and a considerable proportion of them agreed to pay for it.
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3. Geurts MM, Stewart RE, Brouwers JR, et al. Patient beliefs about medicines and quality of life after a clinical medication review and follow-up by a pharmaceutical care plan: a study in elderly polypharmacy patients with a cardiovascular disorder. 2015;6:171-176.
4. Merks P, Kaźmierczak J, Olszewska AE, et al. Comparison of factors influencing patient choice of community pharmacy in Poland and in the UK, and identification of components of pharmaceutical care. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2014;8:715. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S53829
5. Alsayed A, El Hajji FD, Al-Najjar MA, et al. Patterns of antibiotic use, knowledge, and perceptions among different population categories: A comprehensive study based in Arabic countries. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 2022.
6. Pomey MP, Ghadiri DP, Karazivan P, et al. Patients as partners: a qualitative study of patients’ engagement in their health care. PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0122499.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122499
7. Bradley C. The future role of pharmacists in primary care: British Journal of General Practice; 2009.
8. Toklu HZ, Hussain AJJoYP. The changing face of pharmacy practice and the need for a new model of pharmacy education. J Young Pharm. 2013;5(2):38-40.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jyp.2012.09.001
9. Basheti IA, Tadros OK, Aburuz SJPTJoHP, Therapy D. Value of a community‐based medication management review service in Jordan: a prospective randomized controlled study. Pharmacotherapy. 2016;36(10):1075-1086. https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.1833
10. AbuRuz SM, Alrashdan Y, Jarab A, et al. Evaluation of the impact of pharmaceutical care service on hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease in Jordan. Int J Clin Pharm. 2013;35(5):780-789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-013-9806-8
11. Bulatova N, Aburuz S, Yousef AJAihse. An innovative pharmaceutical care practical course. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2007;12(2):211-222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-006-0001-8
12. Farha RA, Basheti I, Al Ruz HA, et al. Assessment of drug-related problems and their impact on blood pressure control in patients with hypertension. Eur J Hosp
Pharm. 2016;23:126-130. https://doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2015-000712
13. Fox A, Reeves SJJoIC. Interprofessional collaborative patient-centred care: a critical exploration of two related discourses. J Interprof Care. 2015;29:113-118.https://doi.org/10.3109/13561820.2014.954284
14. Kassam R, Collins JB, Berkowitz JJAjope. Comparison of patients’ expectations and experiences at traditional pharmacies and pharmacies offering enhanced advanced pharmacy practice experiences. Am J Pharm Educ. 2010;74(5):90. https://doi.org/10.5688/aj740590
15. Perepelkin JJCPJRdPdC. Public opinion of pharmacists and pharmacist prescribing. 2011;144:86-93.
16. AbuRuz S, Al‐Ghazawi M, Snyder AJIJoPP. Pharmaceutical care in a community‐based practice setting in Jordan: where are we now with our attitudes and perceived barriers?. Int J Pharm Pract. 2012;20:71-79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7174.2011.00164.x
17. Al-Arifi MNJSPJ. Patients’ perception, views and satisfaction with pharmacists’ role as health care provider in community pharmacy setting at Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Soudi Pharm J. 2012;20(4):323-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2012.05.007
18. El Hajj MS, Salem S, Mansoor HJPp adherence. Public’s attitudes towards community pharmacy in Qatar: a pilot study. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2011;5:405-422. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S22117
19. TEH R, CHEN T, KRASS IJIJoPP. Consumer perspectives of pharmacist‐delivered healtn information and screening services. 2001;9:261-267.
20. Khudair IF, Raza SAJIjohcqa. Measuring patients’ satisfaction with pharmaceutical services at a public hospital in Qatar. Int J Health Care Qual Assur. 2013;26(5):398-419. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHCQA-03-2011-0025
21. Kvedar J, Coye MJ, Everett W. Connected health: a review of technologies and strategies to improve patient care with telemedicine and telehealth. Health Aff (Millwood). 2014;33(2):194-199. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0992
22. Flint L, Kotwal A. The New Normal: Key Considerations for Effective Serious Illness Communication Over Video or Telephone During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic. Ann Intern Med. 2020;173:486-488. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-1982
23. Fischer SH, Ray KN, Mehrotra A, et al. Prevalence and Characteristics of Telehealth Utilization in the United States. JAMA network open. 2020;3:e2022302.
24. Ramirez AV, Ojeaga M, Espinoza V, et al. Telemedicine in Minority and Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Communities Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 2021;164:91-92. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599820947667
25. Reed ME, Huang J, Graetz I, et al. Patient Characteristics Associated With Choosing a Telemedicine Visit vs Office Visit With the Same Primary Care Clinicians.
JAMA network open. 2020;3:e205873. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.5873
26. Lam K, Lu AD, Shi Y, et al. Assessing Telemedicine Unreadiness Among Older Adults in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA internal medicine. 2020;180:1389-1391. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2671
27. Nieman CL, Oh ES. Connecting With Older Adults via Telemedicine. Ann Intern Med. 2020;173:831-832. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-1322
28. Roberts ET, Mehrotra A. Assessment of Disparities in Digital Access Among Medicare Beneficiaries and Implications for Telemedicine. JAMA internal medicine.2020;180(10):1386-1389. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2666
29. Romano MF, Sardella MV, Alboni F, et al. Is the digital divide an obstacle to e-health? An analysis of the situation in Europe and in Italy. Telemed J. E Health. 2015;21(1):24-35. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2014.0010
30. Reiners F, Sturm J, Bouw LJW, et al. Sociodemographic Factors Influencing the Use of eHealth in People with Chronic Diseases. Int J Environ Res. Public Health.2019;16(4):645. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040645
31. Hong YA, Zhou Z, Fang Y, et al. The Digital Divide and Health Disparities in China: Evidence From a National Survey and Policy Implications. J Med Internet Res.2017;19(9):e317. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.7786
32. Schumm MA, Pyo HQ, Ohev-Shalom R, et al. Patient experience with electronic health record-integrated postoperative telemedicine visits in an academic endocrine surgery program. Surgery. 2021;169(5):1139-1144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2020.11.019
33. Reed ME, Huang J, Parikh R, et al. Patient-Provider Video Telemedicine Integrated With Clinical Care: Patient Experiences. Ann Intern Med. 2019;171(3):222-224. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-3081
34. Kruse CS, Krowski N, Rodriguez B, et al. Telehealth and patient satisfaction: a systematic review and narrative analysis. BMJ Open. 2017;7(8):e016242. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016242
35. Orlando JF, Beard M, Kumar S. Systematic review of patient and caregivers’ satisfaction with telehealth videoconferencing as a mode of service delivery in managing patients’ health. PLoS One. 2019;14(8):e0221848. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221848
36. Wosik J, Fudim M, Cameron B, et al. Telehealth transformation: COVID-19 and the rise of virtual care. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2020;27(6):957-962. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa067
37. Kakani P, Sorensen A, Quinton JK, et al. Patient Characteristics Associated with Telemedicine Use at a Large Academic Health System Before and After COVID-19. J Gen Intern Med. 2021;36(4):1166-1168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-06544-0
38. Eberly LA, Kallan MJ, Julien HM, et al. Patient Characteristics Associated With Telemedicine Access for Primary and Specialty Ambulatory Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA network open. 2020;3(12):e2031640. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.31640
39. Kuperman EF, Linson EL, Klefstad K, et al. The Virtual Hospitalist: A Single-Site Implementation Bringing Hospitalist Coverage to Critical Access Hospitals. J Hosp Med. 2018;13(11):759-763. https://doi.org/10.12788/jhm.3061
40. Lakkireddy DR, Chung MK, Gopinathannair R, et al. Guidance for Cardiac Electrophysiology During the COVID-19 Pandemic from the Heart Rhythm Society COVID-19 Task Force; Electrophysiology Section of the American College of Cardiology; and the Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;141:e823-e831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.03.028
41. Lefever S, Dal M, Matthíasdóttir Á. Online data collection in academic research: advantages and limitations. British Journal of Educational Technology. 2007;38:574-582.
42. Perraudin C, Brion F, Bourdon O, et al. The future of pharmaceutical care in France: a survey of final-year pharmacy students’ opinions. BMC Clin. Pharmacol. 2011;11:6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6904-11-6
43. Katoue MG, Awad AI, Schwinghammer TL, et al. Pharmaceutical care education in Kuwait: pharmacy students’ perspectives. Pharm Pract (Granada).2014;12(3):411. https://doi.org/10.4321/s1886-36552014000300002
44. El Hajj MS, Hammad AS, Afifi HM. Pharmacy students’ attitudes toward pharmaceutical care in Qatar. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2014;10:121-129. https://doi. org/10.2147/TCRM.S56982
45. Baral SR, Parajuli DR, Shrestha S, et al. Undergraduate pharmacy students’ attitudes and perceived barriers toward provision of pharmaceutical care: a multiinstitutional
study in Nepal. Integrated pharmacy research & practice. 2019;8:47-59. https://doi.org/10.2147/IPRP.S203240
46. Shafie AA, Hassali MA. Willingness to pay for a pharmacist’s dispensing service: a cross-sectional pilot study in the state of Penang, Malaysia. Pharm Pract(Granada). 2010;8(2):116-121. https://doi.org/10.4321/s1886-36552010000200006
47. Jaber D, Aburuz S, Hammad EA, et al. Patients’ attitude and willingness to pay for pharmaceutical care: An international message from a developing country. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2019;15(9):1177-1182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.10.002
48. Abd Ghani MK, Jaber MM. Willingness to Adopt Telemedicine in Major Iraqi Hospitals: A Pilot Study. International journal of telemedicine and applications.
2015;2015:136591. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/136591
49. Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977;33:159-174.
50. Tristán-López A. Modificación al modelo de Lawshe para el dictamen cuantitativo de la validez de contenido de un instrumento objetivo. Avances en medición. 2008;6:37-48.
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Mar 29, 2022
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Perspectives of the community in the developing countries toward telemedicine and pharmaceutical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pharm Pract (Granada) [Internet]. 2022 Mar. 29 [cited 2024 Oct. 4];20(1):2618. Available from: https://www.pharmacypractice.org/index.php/pp/article/view/2618
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How to Cite
1.
Perspectives of the community in the developing countries toward telemedicine and pharmaceutical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pharm Pract (Granada) [Internet]. 2022 Mar. 29 [cited 2024 Oct. 4];20(1):2618. Available from: https://www.pharmacypractice.org/index.php/pp/article/view/2618