Role of community pharmacists in skin cancer screening: A descriptive study of skin cancer risk factors prevalence and photoprotection habits in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Main Article Content
Keywords
Sunscreening Agents, Skin Neoplasms, Early Detection of Cancer, Pharmacies, Pharmacists, Cross-Sectional Studies, Spain
Abstract
Background: Skin cancer incidence is increasing alarmingly, despite current efforts trying to improve its early detection. Community pharmacists have proven success in implementing screening protocols for a number of diseases because of their skills and easy access.
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of skin cancer risk factors and the photoprotection habits with a questionnaire in community pharmacy users.
Methods: A research group consisting of pharmacists and dermatologists conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study to assess photoprotection habits and skin cancer risk factors by using a validated questionnaire in 218 community pharmacies in Barcelona from May 23rd to June 13th 2016. All participants received health education on photoprotection and skin cancer prevention. Patients with ≥1 skin cancer risk factor were referred to their physician, as they needed further screening of skin cancer.
Results: A total of 5,530 participants were evaluated. Of those, only 20.2% participants had received a total body skin examination for skin cancer screening in the past by a physician and 57.1% reported using a SPF 50+ sunscreen. 53.9% participants presented ≥1 skin cancer risk factor: 11.8% participants reported having skin cancer familial history and 6.2% reported skin cancer personal history; pharmacists found ≥10 melanocytic nevi in 43.8% participants and chronically sun-damaged skin in 21.4%. Lesions suspicious for melanoma were reported in 10.9% of the participants and urgent dermatological evaluation was recommended.
Conclusions: Pharmacists can detect people with skin cancer risk factors amongst their users. This intervention can be considered in multidisciplinary strategies of skin cancer screening.
References
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2 Trakatelli M, Ulrich C, del Marmol V, Euvrard S, Stockfleth E, Abeni D. Epidemiology of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in Europe: accurate and comparable data are needed for effective public health monitoring and interventions. Br J Dermatol. 2007;156(Suppl 3):1-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07861.x
3 Lucas R, McMichael T, Smith W, Armstrong B. Solar ultraviolet radiation: Global burden of disease from solar ultraviolet radiation. Geneva, World Health Organization. Available at: http://www.who.int/uv/publications/solaradgbd/en/ (accessed on Aug 24, 2017).
4 Font Izquierdo À, Marcos-Gragera R, Vilardell Gil L, et al. CanGir: El càncer a Girona. Available at: http://ico.gencat.cat/ca/professionals/serveis_i_programes/registre_del_cancer/ (accessed on Aug 24, 2017).
5 Housman TS, Feldman SR, Williford PM, Fleischer AB Jr, Goldman ND, Acostamadiedo JM, Chen GJ. Skin cancer is among the most costly of all cancers to treat for the Medicare population. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;48(3):425-429. https://doi.org/10.1067/mjd.2003.186
6 Eriksson T, Tinghög G. Societal cost of skin cancer in Sweden in 2011. Acta Derm Venereol. 2015;95(3):347-348. https://doi.org/10.2340/00015555-1938
7 John SM, Trakatelli M, Gehring R, Finlay K, Fionda C, Wittlich M, Augustin M, Hilpert G, Barroso Dias JM, Ulrich C, Pellacani G. CONSENSUS REPORT: Recognizing non-melanoma skin cancer, including actinic keratosis, as an occupational disease - A Call to Action. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016;30(Suppl 3):38-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.13608
8 Stang A, Stausberg J, Boedeker W, Kerek-Bodden H, Jöckel KH. Nationwide hospitalization costs of skin melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer in Germany. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2008;22(1):65-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2007.02334.x
9 Puig S1, Marcoval J, Paradelo C, Azon A, Bartralot R, Bel S, et al. Melanoma incidence increases in the elderly of catalonia but not in the younger population: effect of prevention or consequence of immigration? Acta Derm Venereol. 2015;95(4):422-426. https://doi.org/10.2340/00015555-1997
10 Departament de Salut. Pla Director d’Oncologia de Catalunya - Melanoma de Pell. Available at: http://cancer.gencat.cat/web/ca/professionals/estadistiques/Resum-Melanoma.pdf (accessed on Aug 24, 2017).
11 Carli P, De Giorgi V, Nardini P, Mannone F, Palli D, Giannotti B. Melanoma detection rate and concordance between self-skin examination and clinical evaluation in patients attending a pigmented lesion clinic in Italy. Br J Dermatol. 2002;146(2):261-266. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04580.x
12 Carli P, De Giorgi V, Giannotti B, Seidenari S, Pellacani G, Peris K, Piccolo D, Rubegni P, Andreassi L. Skin cancer day in Italy: method of referral to open access clinics and tumor prevalence in the examined population. Eur J Dermatol. 2003;13(1):76-79.
13 Hoorens I, Vossaert K, Pil L, Boone B, De Schepper S, Ongenae K, Annemans L, Chevolet I, Brochez L. Total-body examination vs lesion-directed skin cancer screening. JAMA Dermatol. 2016;152(1):27-34. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.2680
14 Waldmann A, Nolte S, Weinstock MA, Breitbart EW, Eisemann N, Geller AC, Greinert R, Volkmer B, Katalinic A. Skin cancer screening participation and impact on melanoma incidence in Germany – an observational study on incidence trends in regions with and without population-based screening. Br J Cancer. 2012;106(5):970-974. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2012.22
15 Breitbart EW, Waldmann A, Nolte S, Capellaro M, Greinert R, Volkmer B, Katalinic A. Systematic skin cancer screening in Northern Germany. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012;66(2):201-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2010.11.016
16 Bruguera M. Tiempo razonable para la visita médica. La Vanguard. Available at: https://www.comb.cat/cat/actualitat/noticies/sta/Tribuna_030108.pdf (accessed on Aug 24, 2017).
17 Salas D, Cuevas D, Málaga A, et al. Guía de Prevención y Tratamiento del Melanoma. Available at: https://www.ivo.es/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/GUIA-DE-PREVENCIÓN-Y-TRATAMIENTO-DEL-MELANOMA-CONSELLERIA-DE-SANITAT.pdf (accessed on Aug 24, 2017).
18 Watts CG, Dieng M, Morton RL, Mann GJ, Menzies SW, Cust AE. Clinical practice guidelines for identification, screening and follow-up of individuals at high risk of primary cutaneous melanoma: A systematic review. Br J Dermatol. 2015;172(1):33-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13403
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Role of community pharmacists in skin cancer screening: A descriptive study of skin cancer risk factors prevalence and photoprotection habits in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Pharm Pract (Granada) [Internet]. 2019 Aug. 29 [cited 2024 Oct. 4];17(3):1455. Available from: https://www.pharmacypractice.org/index.php/pp/article/view/1455
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Role of community pharmacists in skin cancer screening: A descriptive study of skin cancer risk factors prevalence and photoprotection habits in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Pharm Pract (Granada) [Internet]. 2019 Aug. 29 [cited 2024 Oct. 4];17(3):1455. Available from: https://www.pharmacypractice.org/index.php/pp/article/view/1455